USSR's paper money & its Soviet Socialist Swastikas S-shaped Symbolism

Wikipedia is announcing more discoveries by the historian Dr. Rex Curry
about the Soviet socialist state's swastika. Although it was an ancient
symbol, it was used by socialists in modern times as S-symbolism for
"socialism." Dr. Curry's work is probably the most referenced historical
research on Wikipedia.
http://rexcurry.net/ussr-socialist-s...cccp-sssr.html

The discoveries are shown in Soviet Socialist banknotes that show swastikas.
One of those notes is a 250 ruble note.
http://rexcurry.net/ussr-socialist-s...a1917-250a.JPG

The designer of that banknote was an ethnic Latvian Rihards Zarins (he
spelled his name: Zarrins or Richarda Zarrina; June 27, 1869 - April 21,
1939). He studied at the School of Kurzeme Knighthood in Griva and elsewhere
in Latvia, St. Petersburg, and then in western Europe in Berlin, Munich, and
Vienna. he became employed by the Russian Imperial Printing Office in St.
Petersburg, where he worked from 1899 to 1919, acting from 1905 on as
technical director of the Soviet Socialist State printing house, where the
banknotes were printed. Later he designed the first postage stamps of the
Soviet Socialist State.

In 1919 he returned to Latvia and directed the Government Printing House
(1919-1933) and became a Professor serving as head of the graphic arts
workshop at the Latvian Academy of Arts (1921-1938). He created designs of
paper money, postage stamps, certificates and more. He enjoyed the socialist
symbolism of the swastika and he used it frequently, as in the banknote
mentioned. He also signed his work with a single large stylized letter "Z"
another reflection of his interest in alphabetic swastika-style symbolism.
Among his works of applied art are the design of the Latvian coat of arms,
as well as several designs for bank notes issued by the Printing Office, and
several coins of the Latvian lats.

In 1934, Zarins created a lithograph that displays the stiff-armed salute
(the American salute) that had originated in the United States in the early
Pledge of Allegiance (written by the self-proclaimed national socialist
Francis Bellamy in 1892).
http://rexcurry.net/swastika-Latvian...arrins1934.jpg

It is sad to note that Zarins died in 1939, the same year that the National
Socialist German Workers' Party joined with the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as allies in a pact to divide up Europe, spreading World War II,
and the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 62 million
slaughtered under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under
the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist
German Workers' Party.

In 1940, Latvia was incorporated into the USSR and Zarins' lats were
replaced by the Soviet ruble.

The Soviet socialist state during the time of its swastika was known as the
"PCOCP" which, with slight alteration, became simply "CCCP" (USSR or Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics). Transliterated it is known also as the
R.S.F.S.R., the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (aka Russian
Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) (??????????? ?????????? ?????????????
????????????????? ???????????, ?????).

It is relevant to note that the Soviet socialist state's abbreviations have
the pattern of double letters in PP, CC and SS. Hence, the double S letters
of the Soviet socialist state's swastika stand for "Soviet Socialist" (the
corresponding letters in RSFSR).

The RSFSR began in 1917 and was the largest and most populous of the fifteen
former republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which became
known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922. The
Russian SFSR became the modern day Russia after the collapse of the USSR,
officially dissolved on December 31, 1991.

After the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918, a large variety of
different currencies were in circulation including ostrubles and ostmarks
(east rubles, east marks), German reichsmarks, the so-called Tsar rubles and
kopecks, and the so-called Money of Duma.

On December 11, 1918, the Minister of Finance set official exchange rates
for the currencies in circulation, thus recognizing three foreign currencies
as legal tender including Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics.

On March 22, 1919, the Provisional Government of Latvia authorized the
Minister of Finance to issue the first money notes of the Republic of
Latvia - Treasury notes; they were named Latvian rubles and Latvian kopecks,
named after the money in circulation under Soviet Socialism. Five Latvian
artists designed the money, including Rihards Zarins, who had designed the
soviet socialist swastika rubles under the Soviet Socialism (the Russian
Soviet Federated Socialist Republic). Issues of Treasury notes marked the
beginnings of an independent Latvian monetary system although Russian and
German currencies continued as legal tender in Latvia.

In order to impose socialism, control the economy, and inflate (counterfeit)
money, the Constitutional Assembly adopted the law to socialize money (as
well as other things) and imposed the Bank of Latvia on September 7, 1922.
The power to issue currency was seized and turned into a socialist monopoly
(along with many other things) and vested with the Bank of Latvia. On
November 2, 1922, the Bank of Latvia issued the first provisional
banknotes - 500-ruble notes with an overprint.

In 1923, 100-lats banknotes were issued. The graphical design of the note
was worked out by artists Rihards Zarins and Karlis Krauze.

The Ministry of Finance issued State Treasury notes in denominations of 5,
10 and 20 lats. These notes were printed at the State Securities Printing
House. The authors of the graphical designs of these notes were Rihards
Zarins, Karlis Krauze and Harijs Gricevics.

Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2 5, 10, 20 and 50 santims, and 1,
2 and 5 lats. The designs of the coins were created by three artists:
Rihards Zarins (santims coins of the 1923 issue and 5-lats coins), Janis
Roberts Tilbergs (1- and 2-lats coins) and Ludolfs Liberts (santims coins,
the 1937 issue).

It is sad to note that Zarins died in 1939, the same year that the National
Socialist German Workers' Party joined with the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as allies in a pact to divide up Europe, spreading World War II,
and the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 62 million
slaughtered under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under
the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist
German Workers' Party.

In 1940, Latvia was incorporated into the USSR (Zarins' previous employer)
and Zarins' lats were replaced by the Soviet ruble. Latvia was occupied by
the Soviet Socialist Army on June 17, 1940, and on August 5 Latvia was
incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Beginning with
October 10, 1940, the Latvia Republican Office of the State Bank of the
USSR, which was a constituent part in the centralized Soviet socialist
banking system, took over the the Bank of Latvia. The USSR's monetary system
was gradually re-introduced in Latvia. With the resolution of the Popular
Council of Commissars of the Latvian SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic) passed
on November 25, 1940, the exchange rate of the lats against the USSR ruble
was determined (1 lats = 1 ruble). That marked the beginning of a
simultaneous circulation of two currencies in Latvia, which lasted for four
months. Without prior notice, the lats was withdrawn from circulation on
March 25, 1941. The USSR ruble became the socialist monopoly legal tender in
Latvia.

In June 1941, German troops under the National Socialist German Workers'
Party advanced into Latvia. Right after the entrance of the German socialist
army, the Bank of Latvia resumed its activity; however, the Bank did not
regain its right to issue currency. The occupation power implemented a
policy that was tailored specially for occupied countries, its aim being the
suppression and robbing of these countries, in keeping with the socialist
dogma as previously imposed under Soviet Socialism. The instrument to
achieve this was the introduction of a special currency - reichsmarks.
German socialist Reichsmarks circulated alongside Soviet Socialist rubles,
the exchange rate being 10 rubles = 1 reichsmark.

After the Second World War, Latvia was again incorporated into the Soviet
financial system. The State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) both issued money and
functioned as the State Treasury. The monetary system of the Latvian Soviet
Socialist Republic was entirely controlled by the Gosbank.

In 1987, the Latvia Republican Office of the State Bank of the USSR was
renamed the Latvia Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR; however,
it did not become a central bank with the right to issue the national
currency.

On March 2, 1990, the Supreme Council of the Latvian SSR passed the
Resolution "On the Bank of Latvia". It stipulated that the Bank of Latvia, a
local central bank, was established (actually restored) in the Latvian SSR.
This was a central bank - an independent state bank, which had the exclusive
right to issue the national currency.

However, it was only after the declaration of independence of the Republic
of Latvia on May 4, 1990 and the collapse of Soviet Socialism that in
accordance with the Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of
Latvia "On Reorganization of Banks in the Territory of the Republic of
Latvia" passed on September 3, 1991 the Bank of Latvia was re-established as
the socialist monopoly bank of Lavia with its own socialist monopoly money.

The amazing discoveries in Dr. Curry's work have been discussed by members
of the group Flags Of The World, a well-known group in the field of
vexillology (the study of flags). Dr. Rex Curry's historical discoveries
have been recognized by members of Flags Of The World Group (FOTW) and
members of other vexillological groups. The acknowledgment occurred when the
president of the group conceded defeat in a scholarly debate challenge about
Dr. Curry's news-making work.
http://rexcurry.net/fotw-flags-of-th...xillology.html

The Flags of the World web site contained an error. A fan of RexCurry.net
wrote in to point out an error on the Flags of the World web site that has
caused confusion among members of the North American Vexillological
Association. The error is at
http://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/lv%5Eair.html
That web page attempts to provide information about Latvia's Airforce Flag
and Aircraft Marking and shows a swastika symbol (45 degrees to the
horizontal and pointed clockwise) with the headline "1918-1940." That
seeming error caused some members of the North American Vexillological
Association to incorrectly believe that the symbol was always 45 degrees to
the horizontal (as if in a diamond orientation). One NAVA member said "I
checked Latvia's Air Force markings 1918-1940 and found a red swastika on
its point (as in the National Socialist German Workers' Party) on white." A
more searching review of the links on that FOTW page shows that the swastika
symbol on Latvian planes originally was on its side (with horizontal
orientation) and not 45 degrees to the horizontal. It is unclear from FOTW,
and the links, when and why the change occurred in Latvia from 1918-1940.

A fan writes, "It is interesting to note that a lot of the pictures
available through the FOTW reference are only illustrations and not
photographs. One illustration did note the change in the markings. Also
interesting to note that the planes seem to be German, mostly or
exclusively? And that in 1920 they were being used against the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics. There was also a response about Finland's use of
the swastika. Can anyone provide more information about when Finland first
used the symbol on its planes, why, and where the plane(s) came from? Was it
a German source also?"

As late as 1936, swastikas were put on Avro Anson Airplanes.
http://rexcurry.net/avro-anson-ameri...inland1936.JPG

It is additional proof of Dr. Curry's work showing the use of the swastika
as S-shapes for "socialism" under Soviet Socialists, German Socialists, and
in Latvia and Finland, Great Britain, and that they all followed after the
United States of America.
http://rexcurry.net/45th-infantry-di...-soldiers.html

In Finland the swastika was used as the official national marking of the
Army between 1918 and 1944, and also of the Finnish Air Force at that time.
The swastika was also used by the Lotta Svärd organisation. The blue
swastika was the symbol used by the family of Swedish Count Eric von Rosen,
who donated the first plane to the Finnish White Army during the Finnish
Civil War. At that time, Rosen was socialist in his philosophy and socialism
was growing like a cancer worldwide. Rosen's socialism grew too and, after
the National Socialist German Workers' Party was formed, Rosen altered his
use of the symbol to be the same as that of the National Socialist German
Workers' Party when Rosen became one of the founding members of
Nationalsocialistiska Blocket, a Swedish Socialist political party, that
took advantage of the overlapping S-shapes of the swastika. Rosen also
gained a closer connection to Germany when Hermann Göring married Carin von
Kantzow, whose sister was married to Rosen.

The swastika also appeared in many Finnish medals and decorations. In
wartime medals of honor it was a visible element, first drafted by Akseli
Gallen-Kallela 1918-19. In Germany and Austria at the same time period, the
swastika was also being used by socialist groups.

The National Socialist Bloc was formed in the end of 1933. It was formed by
the merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet, Nationalsocialistiska
Förbundet and local national socialist units connected to the advocate Sven
Hallström in Umeå. Later Svensk Nationalsocialistisk Samling merged into
NSB. The leader of the party was the colonel Martin Ekström. The party
maintained several publications, Landet Fritt (Göteborg), Vår Kamp
(Göteborg), Vår Front (Umeå), Nasisten (Malmö) and Riksposten. NSB
differentiated itself from other Swedish national socialist groups due to
its liaisons with the Swedish upper class.

The NAVA members who referenced the FOTW web page provided more support for
Dr. Curry's work showing that the swastika was used to represent overlapping
"S" letters for "socialism" under the National Socialist German Workers'
Party and in the Soviet Socialist State.
http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

On Feb 9, 1:16 am, "\"Stop the Pledge of Allegiance\"" pledge-of-
wrote:
Wikipedia is announcing more discoveries by the historian Dr.Rex Curry
about the Soviet socialist state's swastika. Although it was an ancient
symbol, it was used by socialists in modern times as S-symbolism for
"socialism." Dr. Curry's work is probably the most referenced historical
research on Wikipedia.http://rexcurry.net/ussr-socialist-s...cccp-sssr.html

The discoveries are shown in Soviet Socialist banknotes that show swastikas.
One of those notes is a 250 ruble note.http://rexcurry.net/ussr-socialist-s...a1917-250a.JPG

The designer of that banknote was an ethnic Latvian Rihards Zarins (he
spelled his name: Zarrins or Richarda Zarrina; June 27, 1869 - April 21,
1939). He studied at the School of Kurzeme Knighthood in Griva and elsewhere
in Latvia, St. Petersburg, and then in western Europe in Berlin, Munich, and
Vienna. he became employed by the Russian Imperial Printing Office in St.
Petersburg, where he worked from 1899 to 1919, acting from 1905 on as
technical director of the Soviet Socialist State printing house, where the
banknotes were printed. Later he designed the first postage stamps of the
Soviet Socialist State.

In 1919 he returned to Latvia and directed the Government Printing House
(1919-1933) and became a Professor serving as head of the graphic arts
workshop at the Latvian Academy of Arts (1921-1938). He created designs of
paper money, postage stamps, certificates and more. He enjoyed the socialist
symbolism of the swastika and he used it frequently, as in the banknote
mentioned. He also signed his work with a single large stylized letter "Z"
another reflection of his interest in alphabetic swastika-style symbolism.
Among his works of applied art are the design of the Latvian coat of arms,
as well as several designs for bank notes issued by the Printing Office, and
several coins of the Latvian lats.

In 1934, Zarins created a lithograph that displays the stiff-armed salute
(the American salute) that had originated in the United States in the early
Pledge of Allegiance (written by the self-proclaimed national socialist
Francis Bellamy in 1892).http://rexcurry.net/swastika-Latvian...hards-Zarins-Z...

It is sad to note that Zarins died in 1939, the same year that the National
Socialist German Workers' Party joined with the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as allies in a pact to divide up Europe, spreading World War II,
and the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 62 million
slaughtered under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under
the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist
German Workers' Party.

In 1940, Latvia was incorporated into the USSR and Zarins' lats were
replaced by the Soviet ruble.

The Soviet socialist state during the time of its swastika was known as the
"PCOCP" which, with slight alteration, became simply "CCCP" (USSR or Union
of Soviet Socialist Republics). Transliterated it is known also as the
R.S.F.S.R., the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (aka Russian
Soviet Federated Socialist Republic) (??????????? ?????????? ?????????????
????????????????? ???????????, ?????).

It is relevant to note that the Soviet socialist state's abbreviations have
the pattern of double letters in PP, CC and SS. Hence, the double S letters
of the Soviet socialist state's swastika stand for "Soviet Socialist" (the
corresponding letters in RSFSR).

The RSFSR began in 1917 and was the largest and most populous of the fifteen
former republics of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, which became
known as the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics in December 1922. The
Russian SFSR became the modern day Russia after the collapse of the USSR,
officially dissolved on December 31, 1991.

After the proclamation of the Republic of Latvia in 1918, a large variety of
different currencies were in circulation including ostrubles and ostmarks
(east rubles, east marks), German reichsmarks, the so-called Tsar rubles and
kopecks, and the so-called Money of Duma.

On December 11, 1918, the Minister of Finance set official exchange rates
for the currencies in circulation, thus recognizing three foreign currencies
as legal tender including Germany and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics.

On March 22, 1919, the Provisional Government of Latvia authorized the
Minister of Finance to issue the first money notes of the Republic of
Latvia - Treasury notes; they were named Latvian rubles and Latvian kopecks,
named after the money in circulation under Soviet Socialism. Five Latvian
artists designed the money, including Rihards Zarins, who had designed the
soviet socialist swastika rubles under the Soviet Socialism (the Russian
Soviet Federated Socialist Republic). Issues of Treasury notes marked the
beginnings of an independent Latvian monetary system although Russian and
German currencies continued as legal tender in Latvia.

In order to impose socialism, control the economy, and inflate (counterfeit)
money, the Constitutional Assembly adopted the law to socialize money (as
well as other things) and imposed the Bank of Latvia on September 7, 1922.
The power to issue currency was seized and turned into a socialist monopoly
(along with many other things) and vested with the Bank of Latvia. On
November 2, 1922, the Bank of Latvia issued the first provisional
banknotes - 500-ruble notes with an overprint.

In 1923, 100-lats banknotes were issued. The graphical design of the note
was worked out by artists Rihards Zarins and Karlis Krauze.

The Ministry of Finance issued State Treasury notes in denominations of 5,
10 and 20 lats. These notes were printed at the State Securities Printing
House. The authors of the graphical designs of these notes were Rihards
Zarins, Karlis Krauze and Harijs Gricevics.

Coins were issued in denominations of 1, 2 5, 10, 20 and 50 santims, and 1,
2 and 5 lats. The designs of the coins were created by three artists:
Rihards Zarins (santims coins of the 1923 issue and 5-lats coins), Janis
Roberts Tilbergs (1- and 2-lats coins) and Ludolfs Liberts (santims coins,
the 1937 issue).

It is sad to note that Zarins died in 1939, the same year that the National
Socialist German Workers' Party joined with the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as allies in a pact to divide up Europe, spreading World War II,
and the socialist Wholecaust (of which the Holocaust was a part): 62 million
slaughtered under the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics; 49 million under
the Peoples' Republic of China; 21 million under the National Socialist
German Workers' Party.

In 1940, Latvia was incorporated into the USSR (Zarins' previous employer)
and Zarins' lats were replaced by the Soviet ruble. Latvia was occupied by
the Soviet Socialist Army on June 17, 1940, and on August 5 Latvia was
incorporated into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Beginning with
October 10, 1940, the Latvia Republican Office of the State Bank of the
USSR, which was a constituent part in the centralized Soviet socialist
banking system, took over the the Bank of Latvia. The USSR's monetary system
was gradually re-introduced in Latvia. With the resolution of the Popular
Council of Commissars of the Latvian SSR (Soviet Socialist Republic) passed
on November 25, 1940, the exchange rate of the lats against the USSR ruble
was determined (1 lats = 1 ruble). That marked the beginning of a
simultaneous circulation of two currencies in Latvia, which lasted for four
months. Without prior notice, the lats was withdrawn from circulation on
March 25, 1941. The USSR ruble became the socialist monopoly legal tender in
Latvia.

In June 1941, German troops under the National Socialist German Workers'
Party advanced into Latvia. Right after the entrance of the German socialist
army, the Bank of Latvia resumed its activity; however, the Bank did not
regain its right to issue currency. The occupation power implemented a
policy that was tailored specially for occupied countries, its aim being the
suppression and robbing of these countries, in keeping with the socialist
dogma as previously imposed under Soviet Socialism. The instrument to
achieve this was the introduction of a special currency - reichsmarks.
German socialist Reichsmarks circulated alongside Soviet Socialist rubles,
the exchange rate being 10 rubles = 1 reichsmark.

After the Second World War, Latvia was again incorporated into the Soviet
financial system. The State Bank of the USSR (Gosbank) both issued money and
functioned as the State Treasury. The monetary system of the Latvian Soviet
Socialist Republic was entirely controlled by the Gosbank.

In 1987, the Latvia Republican Office of the State Bank of the USSR was
renamed the Latvia Republican Bank of the State Bank of the USSR; however,
it did not become a central bank with the right to issue the national
currency.

On March 2, 1990, the Supreme Council of the Latvian SSR passed the
Resolution "On the Bank of Latvia". It stipulated that the Bank of Latvia, a
local central bank, was established (actually restored) in the Latvian SSR.
This was a central bank - an independent state bank, which had the exclusive
right to issue the national currency.

However, it was only after the declaration of independence of the Republic
of Latvia on May 4, 1990 and the collapse of Soviet Socialism that in
accordance with the Resolution of the Supreme Council of the Republic of
Latvia "On Reorganization of Banks in the Territory of the Republic of
Latvia" passed on September 3, 1991 the Bank of Latvia was re-established as
the socialist monopoly bank of Lavia with its own socialist monopoly money.

The amazing discoveries in Dr. Curry's work have been discussed by members
of the group Flags Of The World, a well-known group in the field of
vexillology (the study of flags). Dr.Rex Curry'shistorical discoveries
have been recognized by members of Flags Of The World Group (FOTW) and
members of other vexillological groups. The acknowledgment occurred when the
president of the group conceded defeat in a scholarly debate challenge about
Dr. Curry's news-making work.http://rexcurry.net/fotw-flags-of-th...xillology.html

The Flags of the World web site contained an error. A fan of RexCurry.net
wrote in to point out an error on the Flags of the World web site that has
caused confusion among members of the North American Vexillological
Association. The error is athttp://www.crwflags.com/fotw/flags/lv%5Eair.html
That web page attempts to provide information about Latvia's Airforce Flag
and Aircraft Marking and shows a swastika symbol (45 degrees to the
horizontal and pointed clockwise) with the headline "1918-1940." That
seeming error caused some members of the North American Vexillological
Association to incorrectly believe that the symbol was always 45 degrees to
the horizontal (as if in a diamond orientation). One NAVA member said "I
checked Latvia's Air Force markings 1918-1940 and found a red swastika on
its point (as in the National Socialist German Workers' Party) on white." A
more searching review of the links on that FOTW page shows that the swastika
symbol on Latvian planes originally was on its side (with horizontal
orientation) and not 45 degrees to the horizontal. It is unclear from FOTW,
and the links, when and why the change occurred in Latvia from 1918-1940.

A fan writes, "It is interesting to note that a lot of the pictures
available through the FOTW reference are only illustrations and not
photographs. One illustration did note the change in the markings. Also
interesting to note that the planes seem to be German, mostly or
exclusively? And that in 1920 they were being used against the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics. There was also a response about Finland's use of
the swastika. Can anyone provide more information about when Finland first
used the symbol on its planes, why, and where the plane(s) came from? Was it
a German source also?"

As late as 1936, swastikas were put on Avro Anson Airplanes.http://rexcurry.net/avro-anson-ameri...inland1936.JPG

It is additional proof of Dr. Curry's work showing the use of the swastika
as S-shapes for "socialism" under Soviet Socialists, German Socialists, and
in Latvia and Finland, Great Britain, and that they all followed after the
United States of America.http://rexcurry.net/45th-infantry-di...-soldiers.html

In Finland the swastika was used as the official national marking of the
Army between 1918 and 1944, and also of the Finnish Air Force at that time.
The swastika was also used by the Lotta Svärd organisation. The blue
swastika was the symbol used by the family of Swedish Count Eric von Rosen,
who donated the first plane to the Finnish White Army during the Finnish
Civil War. At that time, Rosen was socialist in his philosophy and socialism
was growing like a cancer worldwide. Rosen's socialism grew too and, after
the National Socialist German Workers' Party was formed, Rosen altered his
use of the symbol to be the same as that of the National Socialist German
Workers' Party when Rosen became one of the founding members of
Nationalsocialistiska Blocket, a Swedish Socialist political party, that
took advantage of the overlapping S-shapes of the swastika. Rosen also
gained a closer connection to Germany when Hermann Göring married Carin von
Kantzow, whose sister was married to Rosen.

The swastika also appeared in many Finnish medals and decorations. In
wartime medals of honor it was a visible element, first drafted by Akseli
Gallen-Kallela 1918-19. In Germany and Austria at the same time period, the
swastika was also being used by socialist groups.

The National Socialist Bloc was formed in the end of 1933. It was formed by
the merger of Nationalsocialistiska Samlingspartiet, Nationalsocialistiska
Förbundet and local national socialist units connected to the advocate Sven
Hallström in Umeå. Later Svensk Nationalsocialistisk Samling merged into
NSB. The leader of the party was the colonel Martin Ekström. The party
maintained several publications, Landet Fritt (Göteborg), Vår Kamp
(Göteborg), Vår Front (Umeå), Nasisten (Malmö) and Riksposten. NSB
differentiated itself from other Swedish national socialist groups due to
its liaisons with the Swedish upper class.

The NAVA members who referenced the FOTW web page provided more support for
Dr. Curry's work showing that the swastika was used to represent overlapping
"S" letters for "socialism" under the National Socialist German Workers'
Party and in the Soviet Socialist State.http://rexcurry.net/book1a1contents-swastika.html

That is fascinating work by Dr. Rex Curry. Thank you for bringing it
to our attention.